World Bank and Sierra Leone Government sign $7m grant
“The World Bank Board in Washington DC United States of America has approved a grant of Seven Million United States Dollars ($7m) for the implementation of the Social Safety Nets Program. A program which targets twelve thousand (12000) extremely poor households with an estimated population of seventy two thousand (72,000) (6persons/house) direct beneficiaries” .Said Dr. Kaifala Marah Sierra Leone’s Hon. Minister of Finance and Economic Development. (Photo L-Ambassador Conteh, Dr. Kaifala Marah,World Bank’s Yusufa Crookes,One of the World Bank Directors, Mr. Augustus Cole, Mr. Alimamy Bangura during the signing ceremony Back Row- members of the World Bank Legal Team)
Speaking immediately after the signing ceremony between Dr. Kaifala Marah representing the Government of President Ernest Bai Koroma and Dr. Yusufa Crookes, World Banks Africa Region Director representing the World body, which took place at the 10th floor Room 073 of J Building, Washington DC, Dr. Marah said “the project will be piloted in four districts including Bombali in the North, Kono in the East, Moyamba in South and Western Rural, which have the highest proportion of extreme poverty in each of the Country’s regions.”
According to him, “the objective is to establish key building blocks for a basic national safety net system, and subsequently provide income support to extremely poor households in Sierra Leone.”
The Hon Minister said the program contains three components which include development of systems for implementation of the Social safety nets, cash transfers to extremely poor households, and program management and capacity building.
“Sierra Leone has experienced strong growth over the last decade, yet sixty six Percent (66%) of the population remain poor, and thirteen point nine (13.9%) an estimated One Hundred and Forty Three Thousand households are extremely poor. Said Dr. Marah.
He assured Mr. Crookes that the money will be judiciously used as spelt out in the project and further said went on to guarantee him that the required results will be achieved.
Responding, Mr. Crookes thanked Dr. Marah for making it possible for the ceremony to take place, and said the World Bank is very pleased to do business with the Government of Sierra Leone.
He applauded the country’s economic discipline and described the economic strategy and financial discipline as good and working, hence the continuous economic growth of the economy of the West African Nation.
In his remarks, Deputy Ambassador I.S Conteh thanked Mr. Crookes and Dr. Marrah for representing the Country and the World Bank.
The ceremony was witnessed by some members of the delegation including Deputy Minister of Youth Ms. Feremusu Kawusu – Konte, Mr. A.B. Bangura General Manager Sierra Leone Ports Authority, Mr. Alimamy Bangura Director of Policy unit Ministry of Finance, Mr. Matthew Dingie Director of Budget Ministry of Finance, Mr. Augustus Cole Director of Public Financial Management Reform Unit, Ministry of Finance, Mr. Lansana Fofana Senior Economic Analyst, Mr. Sheku Bangura Senior Advisor Office of the Executive Director Africa group 1 and other members of the delegation and Embassy officials.
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Vitthalrao B. Khyade
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Shardabai Pawar Mahila Mahavidyalaya, Shardanagar, Malegaon(Baramati) Dist. Pune – 413115.
“Dr. APIS” SOCIAL SPECTRUM
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Objective: To Establish the Repository of Information For The Society. ————————————————————————————————————————-
11 May, 2014 : Mother’s Day ———————————————————————— —————————————————————————-
Mother’s Day is a celebration honoring mothers and motherhood, maternal bonds, and the influence of mothers in society. It is celebrated on various days in many parts of the world, most commonly in spring. (e.g., April–May in the northern hemisphere, October in Argentina, but northern hemisphere spring, May, in Australia). It complements similar celebrations honoring family members, such as Father’s Day and Siblings Day.
The celebration of Mother’s Day began in the United States in the early 20th century; it is not related to the many celebrations of mothers and motherhood that have occurred throughout the world over thousands of years, such as the Greek cult to Cybele, the Roman festival of Hilaria, or the Christian Mothering Sunday celebration (originally a celebration of the mother church, not motherhood).[1][2][3][4] Despite this, in some countries Mother’s Day has become synonymous with these older traditions.[5]
The modern American holiday of Mother’s Day was first celebrated in 1908, when Anna Jarvis held a memorial for her mother in Grafton, West Virginia. Her campaign to make “Mother’s Day” a recognized holiday in the United States began in 1905, the year her beloved mother, Ann Reeves Jarvis, died. Anna’s mission was to honor her own mother by continuing work she had started and to set aside a day to honor mothers, “the person who has done more for you than anyone in the world.” Anna’s mother, Ann Jarvis, was a peace activist who had cared for wounded soldiers on both sides of the Civil War and created Mother’s Day Work Clubs to address public health issues.
Due to the campaign efforts of Anna Jarvis, several states officially recognized Mother’s Day, the first in 1910 being West Virginia, Jarvis’ home state. In 1914 Woodrow Wilson signed the proclamation creating Mother’s Day, the second Sunday in May, as a national holiday to honor mothers. In a thank-you note to Wilson, Jarvis wrote of a “great Home Day of our country for sons and daughters to honor their mothers and fathers and homes in a way that will perpetuate family ties and give emphasis to true home life.” [6]
Although Jarvis was successful in founding Mother’s Day she soon became resentful of the commercialization and angry that companies would profit from the holiday. By the early 1920’s, Hallmark and other companies had started selling Mother’s Day cards. Jarvis became so embittered by what she saw as misinterpretation and exploitation that she protested and even tried to rescind Mother’s Day. The holiday she had worked so hard for was supposed to be about sentiment, not profit. [7] Jarvis organized boycotts and threatened lawsuits to try to stop the commercialization. She crashed a candymakers convention in Philadelphia in 1923. Two years later she protested at a confab of the American War Mothers, which raised money by selling carnations, the flower associated with Mother’s Day, and was arrested for disturbing the peace. [7]
Jarvis’s holiday was adopted by other countries and it is now celebrated all over the world. In this tradition, each person offers a gift, card, or remembrance toward their mothers, grandmothers, and/ or maternal figure on mother’s day. The original intention, however, was to appreciate and honor your mother by writing a personal letter, by hand, expressing love and gratitude.[6]
Various observances honoring mothers existed in America during the 1870s and the 1880s, but these never had resonance beyond the local level.[8] Jarvis never mentioned Julia Ward Howe’s attempts in the 1870s to establish a “Mother’s Day for Peace”, nor any connection to the Protestant school celebrations that included “Children’s Day” amongst others.[9] Neither did she mention the traditional festival of Mothering Sunday.[9] Jarvis always said that the creation was hers alone.[9]
References:
1. L. James Grold (April 1968), “Mother’s Day”, American Journal of Psychiatry 124: 1456–1458, “Mother’s Day, conceived by Anna Jarvis to honor unselfish mothers (…) Although there is no direct lineal descent to our modern Mother’s Day custom, secular and religious motherhood have existed for thousands of years 10 May 1908: the first church – St. Andrew’s in Grafton, West Virginia – responded to her request for a Sunday service honoring mothers . Cybele (…)”
2. Tad Tuleja (1999), Curious Customs: The Stories Behind 296 Popular American Rituals, Galahad Books, p. 167, ISBN 9781578660704, “Although attempts have been made to link Mother’s Day to ancient cults of the mother goddess, especially the worship of Cybele, the association is more conceptual than historic. Mother’s Day is a modern, American invention.”
3. Robert J. Myers, Hallmark Cards (1972), Celebrations; the complete book of American holidays, Doubleday, p. 143, “Our observance of Mother’s Day is little more than half a century old [this was written in 1972], yet the nature of the holiday makes it seem as if it had its roots in prehistoric times. Many antiquarians, holiday enthusiasts, and students of folklore have claimed to find the source Mother’s Day in the ancient spring festivals dedicated to the mother goddess, particularly the worship of Cybele.”
4. Helsloot 2007, p. 208 “The American origin of the Day, however, was duly acknowledged. ‘The idea is imported,. America led the way.'”
5. b c d “Mothering Sunday”, BBC, retrieved 4 March 2010
6. b http://www.deseretnews.com/article/865602516/Mothers-Day-100-year-history-a-colorful-tale-of-love-anger-and-civic-unrest.html
7. b http://www.kansas.com/2014/04/27/3424594/hallmark-celebrates-the-100th.html
8. b c d Bernhard, Virginia (2002). “Mother’s Day”. In Joseph M. Hawes, Elizabeth F. Shores. The family in America: an encyclopedia (3, illustrated ed.). ABC-CLIO. p. 714. ISBN 9781576072325.
9. b c Leigh, p.253
10. Larossa, 1997, page 72(footnote 51)
11. b c d e Louisa Taylor, Canwest News Service (11 May 2008). “Mother’s Day creator likely ‘spinning in her grave'”. Vancouver Sun (Canada). Retrieved 7 July 2008.
12. House Vote No. 274 (7 May 2008) H. Res. 1113: Celebrating the role of mothers in the United States and supporting the goals and ideals of Mother’s Day (Vote On Passage)
File: Dr.APIS.11.May.2014@Mother’s.Day Compiled For : Shardabai Pawar Mahila Mahavidyalaya, Shardanagar; Tal. Baramati; Dist. Pune – 413115 (India).
With the Best Compliments From: Shardanagar (The Agro – academic Heritage of Grandsire Padmashri Dr. D. G. Alias Appasaheb Pawar).
11th May 2014Vitthalrao B. Khyade
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ShardabaiPawarMahilaMahavidyalaya, Shardanagar, Malegaon(Baramati) Dist. Pune – 413115.
“Dr. APIS” Social Spectrum ——————————————————————————— Objective: To Establish the Repository of Information For The Society.
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27 April : Independence Day of Sierra Leone ————————————————————————-
———————————————————————————————————————On 27 April 1961, Sir Milton Margai led Sierra Leone to independence from Great Britain and became the country’s first Prime Minister. Thousands of Sierra Leoneans across the newly independent nation took to the street in celebration of independence. Sierra Leone retained a parliamentary system of government and was a member of the Commonwealth of Nations. The leader of the main oppositon APC, Siaka Stevens, along with outspoken critic of the SLPP government, Isaac Wallace-Johnson, were arrested and placed under house arrest in Freetown, along with sixteen others charged with disrupting the independence celebration. In May 1962, Sierra Leone held its first general election as an Independent nation. The Sierra Leone People’s Party (SLPP) won plurality of seats in parliament and Sir Milton Margai was re-elected as prime minister.
An important aspect of Sir Milton’s character was his self-effacement. He was neither corrupt nor did he make a lavish display of his power or status. Sir Milton’s government was based on the rule of law and the notion of separation of powers, with multiparty political institutions and fairly viable representative structures. Margai used his conservative ideology to lead Sierra Leone without much strife. He appointed government officials with a clear eye to satisfy various ethnic groups. Margai employed a brokerage style of politics by sharing political power between political groups and the paramount chiefs in the provinces.
Upon Sir Milton’s unexpected death in 1964, his half-brother, Sir Albert Margai, was appointed as Prime Minister by parliament. Sir Albert’s leadership was briefly challenged by Sierra Leone’s Foreign Minister John Karefa-Smart, who questioned Sir Albert’s succession to the SLPP leadership position. Karefa-Smart received little support in Parliament in his attempt to have Margai stripped of the SLPP leadership. Soon after Margai was sworn in as Prime Minister, he immediately dismissed several senior government officials who had served under his elder brother Sir Milton’s government, as he viewed them as a threat to his administration.
Unlike his late brother, Sir Milton, Sir Albert resorted to increasingly authoritarian actions in response to protests and enacted several laws against the opposition All People’s Congress (APC) whilst attempting to establish a single-party state. Unlike his late brother Milton, Sir Albert was opposed to the colonial legacy of allowing the country’s Paramount Chiefs executive powers, many of whom where key allies of his late brother Sir Milton; and he was seen as a threat to the existence of the ruling houses across the country. In 1967, Riots broke out in Freetown against Sir Albert’s policies; in response Margai declared a state of emergency across the country. Sir Albert was accused of corruption and of a policy of affirmative action in favour of his own Mende ethnic group Although Sir Albert had the full backing of the country’s security forces, he called for a free and fair elections.
References:
1. “BBC ON THIS DAY | 27 | 1961: Sierra Leone wins independence”. BBC News. 27 April 1961. Retrieved 20 May 2012.
2. Pham, John-Peter (2005). Child soldiers, adult interests: the global dimensions of the Sierra Leonean tragedy. Nova Publishers. pp. 33–35. ISBN 978-1-59454-671-6.
File: Dr.APIS.27.April@Sierra.Leone
Compiled For : Shardabai Pawar Mahila Mahavidyalaya, Shardanagar; Tal. Baramati; Dist. Pune – 413115 (India).
With the Best Compliments From: Shardanagar (The Agro – academic Heritage of Grandsire Padmashri Dr. D. G. Alias Appasaheb Pawar).
26th April 2014Vitthalrao B. Khyade
/
Please do write about the “Grants from World Bank for Research in Sericulture”.
18th April 2014Vitthalrao B. Khyade
/
Shardabai Pawar Mahila Mahavidyalaya, Shardanagar, Malegaon(Baramati) Dist. Pune – 413115.
“Dr. APIS” Social Spectrum ——————————————————————————— Objective: To Establish the Repository of Information For The Society. ———————————————————————-27 April : Independence Day of Sierra Leone ————————————————————————-
———————————————————————————————————————On 27 April 1961, Sir Milton Margai led Sierra Leone to independence from Great Britain and became the country’s first Prime Minister. Thousands of Sierra Leoneans across the newly independent nation took to the street in celebration of independence. Sierra Leone retained a parliamentary system of government and was a member of the Commonwealth of Nations. The leader of the main oppositon APC, Siaka Stevens, along with outspoken critic of the SLPP government, Isaac Wallace-Johnson, were arrested and placed under house arrest in Freetown, along with sixteen others charged with disrupting the independence celebration. In May 1962, Sierra Leone held its first general election as an Independent nation. The Sierra Leone People’s Party (SLPP) won plurality of seats in parliament and Sir Milton Margai was re-elected as prime minister.
An important aspect of Sir Milton’s character was his self-effacement. He was neither corrupt nor did he make a lavish display of his power or status. Sir Milton’s government was based on the rule of law and the notion of separation of powers, with multiparty political institutions and fairly viable representative structures. Margai used his conservative ideology to lead Sierra Leone without much strife. He appointed government officials with a clear eye to satisfy various ethnic groups. Margai employed a brokerage style of politics by sharing political power between political groups and the paramount chiefs in the provinces.
Upon Sir Milton’s unexpected death in 1964, his half-brother, Sir Albert Margai, was appointed as Prime Minister by parliament. Sir Albert’s leadership was briefly challenged by Sierra Leone’s Foreign Minister John Karefa-Smart, who questioned Sir Albert’s succession to the SLPP leadership position. Karefa-Smart received little support in Parliament in his attempt to have Margai stripped of the SLPP leadership. Soon after Margai was sworn in as Prime Minister, he immediately dismissed several senior government officials who had served under his elder brother Sir Milton’s government, as he viewed them as a threat to his administration.
Unlike his late brother, Sir Milton, Sir Albert resorted to increasingly authoritarian actions in response to protests and enacted several laws against the opposition All People’s Congress (APC) whilst attempting to establish a single-party state. Unlike his late brother Milton, Sir Albert was opposed to the colonial legacy of allowing the country’s Paramount Chiefs executive powers, many of whom where key allies of his late brother Sir Milton; and he was seen as a threat to the existence of the ruling houses across the country. In 1967, Riots broke out in Freetown against Sir Albert’s policies; in response Margai declared a state of emergency across the country. Sir Albert was accused of corruption and of a policy of affirmative action in favour of his own Mende ethnic group Although Sir Albert had the full backing of the country’s security forces, he called for a free and fair elections.
References:
1. “BBC ON THIS DAY | 27 | 1961: Sierra Leone wins independence”. BBC News. 27 April 1961. Retrieved 20 May 2012.
2. Pham, John-Peter (2005). Child soldiers, adult interests: the global dimensions of the Sierra Leonean tragedy. Nova Publishers. pp. 33–35. ISBN 978-1-59454-671-6.
File: Dr.APIS.27.April@Sierra.Leone Compiled For : Shardabai Pawar Mahila Mahavidyalaya, Shardanagar; Tal. Baramati; Dist. Pune – 413115 (India).
With the Best Compliments From: Shardanagar (The Agro – academic Heritage of Grandsire Padmashri Dr. D. G. Alias Appasaheb Pawar).
18th April 2014